Public: Signs Your Newborn May Have Reflux or a Protein Allergy

It’s common for newborns to spit up or be fussy as their digestive systems mature. However, ongoing feeding difficulties or discomfort may be signs of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) or a cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA). Because these conditions share similar symptoms, it’s important to know what to look for.

Signs of Reflux

Reflux happens when stomach contents flow back into the esophagus. While many babies spit up occasionally, reflux may also cause:

• Frequent spitting up or vomiting
• Arching the back during or after feeds
• Crying or discomfort while eating
• Refusing feeds
• Frequent hiccups or wet burps
• Difficulty settling after feedings
• Poor weight gain in more severe cases

Signs of a Cow’s Milk Protein Allergy

A cow’s milk protein allergy is an immune reaction to dairy proteins and can affect both formula-fed and breastfed babies.

Common symptoms include:

• Excessive fussiness
• Blood or mucus in the stool
• Vomiting, diarrhea, or constipation
• Eczema or persistent skin rashes
• Excessive gas or bloating
• Poor weight gain
• Congestion or wheezing in some infants

Unlike reflux, a protein allergy often affects more than just the digestive system.

When to Call Your Pediatrician

Contact your pediatrician if your baby:

• Refuses feeds consistently
• Has blood in their stool or vomit
• Is not gaining weight
• Appears to be in significant pain during or after feeds
• Has projectile vomiting
• Has difficulty breathing or swelling of the face or lips

Helping Your Baby Feel More Comfortable

Some babies improve with simple feeding adjustments, such as offering smaller, more frequent feeds, burping often, and keeping them upright for 20–30 minutes after eating. If a protein allergy is suspected, your pediatrician may recommend dietary changes or a specialized formula.

While occasional spit-up is normal, persistent symptoms deserve medical evaluation. Trust your instincts—if something doesn’t seem right, don’t hesitate to speak with your pediatrician.